How to Choose a Keyboard Layout for Your Language
The right keyboard layout depends almost entirely on what language you primarily type in. English speakers should use QWERTY; German speakers should use QWERTZ-DE; French speakers should use AZERTY-FR; Russian speakers should use ЙЦУКЕН. But within each language family, there are choices. This guide maps every major language to its standard layouts and helps you decide.
The decision starts with your primary language
If you type 80%+ in one language, always use that language's standard layout. The standard exists because it's been optimized for that language's letter frequencies and accent requirements. Trying to type French on QWERTY-US, or Russian on QWERTY, will always be slower.
For bilingual users (regular use of 2 languages), the choice is more nuanced — usually pick the standard for your primary language and use a secondary input method for the other.
Layout recommendations by language
English speakers
- United States, Canada, Australia, India: QWERTY-US
- United Kingdom, Ireland: QWERTY-UK
- For most English speakers, QWERTY-US is the safe default — see How to type in English.
Spanish speakers
- Spain: QWERTY-ES
- Latin America (Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, etc.): QWERTY-LATAM
- See How to type in Spanish.
German speakers
- Germany, Austria: QWERTZ-DE
- Switzerland (German-speaking): QWERTZ-CH
- See How to type in German.
French speakers
- France: AZERTY-FR
- Belgium (Wallonia): AZERTY-BE
- Switzerland (French-speaking): QWERTZ-CH (Swiss multilingual layout)
- Quebec, Canada: Canadian French (similar to AZERTY)
- See How to type in French.
Italian speakers
- Italy: QWERTY-IT
- Switzerland (Italian-speaking): QWERTZ-CH
- See How to type in Italian.
Portuguese speakers
- Portugal: QWERTY-PT
- Brazil: QWERTY-BR (ABNT2)
- See How to type in Portuguese.
Polish speakers
- Poland: QWERTY-PL (Polish Programmer's)
- See How to type in Polish.
Russian speakers
- Russia: ЙЦУКЕН-RU
- See How to type in Russian.
Ukrainian speakers
- Ukraine: ЙЦУКЕН-UA
- See How to type in Ukrainian.
Belarusian speakers
- Belarus: ЙЦУКЕН-BY
- See How to type in Belarusian.
Bulgarian speakers
- Bulgaria: БДС-BG (note: unique non-ЙЦУКЕН Cyrillic layout)
- See How to type in Bulgarian.
Greek speakers
- Greece: QWERTY-GR
- See How to type in Greek.
Other Slavic / Central European languages
- Czech: QWERTZ-CS
- Slovak: QWERTZ-SK
- Hungarian: QWERTZ-HU
- Croatian: QWERTZ-HR
- Slovenian: QWERTZ-HR (Slovenia uses Croatian layout)
- Bosnian / Serbian (Latin): QWERTZ variants
- Romanian: QWERTZ-RO
Scandinavian languages
- Swedish, Finnish: QWERTY-SE/FI
- Norwegian, Danish: QWERTY-NO/DK
- Icelandic: QWERTY-IS
- Faroese: QWERTY-FO
- Estonian: QWERTY-EE
Baltic languages
- Latvian: QWERTY-LV (ŪGJRMV) — unique ergonomic layout
- Lithuanian: QWERTY-LT (ĄŽERTY) — replaces number row
Other European
- Turkish: QWERTY-TR (Turkish-Q)
- Maltese: QWERTY-MT
- Albanian: QWERTZ-AL
- Welsh: QWERTY-UK
- Irish: QWERTY-UK
- Catalan, Galician, Basque: QWERTY-ES (Spain regional)
Asian languages (with Latin keyboards)
- Filipino (Tagalog): QWERTY-US (no special characters)
- Indonesian, Malay: QWERTY-US
- Vietnamese: QWERTY-VN (with Telex/VNI input methods)
- Azerbaijani (Latin script): QWERTY-AZ
African languages
- Swahili: QWERTY-US (no special characters)
Note on character-based languages
Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Arabic, Hebrew, Thai use Input Methods (IMEs) that convert keystrokes into characters. These are out of scope for traditional touch typing tutors but Typing Hero App doesn't currently support them.
The bilingual question
If you regularly type in 2+ languages, you have options:
Option 1: Use your primary language's layout only
- Pro: Always fluent at primary
- Con: Slower at secondary; may need workarounds for accents
Option 2: Switch layouts via shortcut (Alt+Shift on Windows, etc.)
- Pro: Optimal speed in both
- Con: Constant mental layout-switching is friction; you forget which is active
Option 3: Use US-International (provides QWERTY + accent dead keys)
- Pro: One layout for many European languages with diacritics
- Con: Not optimized for any specific language
Option 4: Custom layout with multiple language support
- Pro: Maximally flexible
- Con: Requires custom configuration (QMK/VIA)
For most bilingual users, Option 1 or 2 is best depending on which language dominates.
Alternative ergonomic layouts (Dvorak, Colemak, Workman)
These are designed primarily for English and gain only marginal value for other languages:
- Dvorak: optimized for English letter frequencies; less optimal for Spanish/German/etc.
- Colemak: optimized for English; works OK for other Latin-alphabet languages but not optimized
- Workman: optimized for English; similar limitations
If your primary language isn't English, stick with your language's regional QWERTY/QWERTZ/AZERTY/etc. variant. Don't bother with Dvorak/Colemak unless your primary language is English.
What if my language isn't listed?
Typing Hero App supports 45 languages and 38 layouts. If your language isn't covered, the closest match by region:
- Western European languages without diacritics: QWERTY-US or QWERTY-UK
- European languages with light diacritics: QWERTY-NL (US-International)
- Cyrillic-script languages: ЙЦУКЕН (Russian) variant
- Other scripts: requires IME (out of scope for this app)
How to install your chosen layout
On most modern OSes:
- Windows: Settings → Time & Language → Language → [Your language] → Options → Add a keyboard
- macOS: System Settings → Keyboard → Input Sources → Add → Search for layout
- Linux: depends on desktop environment (GNOME, KDE, etc.) — generally Settings → Keyboard → Layouts
- iOS: Settings → General → Keyboard → Keyboards → Add New Keyboard
- Android: Settings → System → Languages & input → Virtual keyboard → Gboard or similar
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use any layout in any country?
Yes — keyboard layout is a software setting independent of physical hardware. You can use a Spanish layout on a US keyboard (the keys would be mislabeled but functional). Most touch typists eventually don't look at the keys anyway.
Should I buy a keyboard with my language's keycap printing?
Helpful for the first few weeks of learning, then irrelevant. Touch typists don't look at the keys.
What if my work computer uses a different layout?
Either configure it temporarily, or learn to type fluently on both. Most professional touch typists are at least bilingual across layouts.
Is there a universal "best" layout?
No. Each language has its optimal layout. QWERTY happens to be a reasonable compromise across many Latin-alphabet languages but is rarely the best for any specific one.
Should I learn the layout of a language I don't speak?
If you're learning the language as a student, yes — you'll need it for proper typing. If you're a translator working into a language, yes. Otherwise no need.
What about layouts for programmers specifically?
Programmer-specific layouts (Programmer Dvorak, custom symbol-heavy layouts) exist but are niche. Most programmers use whatever standard QWERTY/QWERTZ/AZERTY their region uses. See Best keyboard layout for programmers.
Start practicing your chosen layout
Pick the layout for your primary language and start practicing on Typing Hero App. 38 layouts across 45 languages, all with proper layout-native lesson sequences.
For more: How to type in your language, QWERTY history, How to type special characters.